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http://ciateq.repositorioinstitucional.mx/jspui/handle/1020/370| Effect of differentiated injection ratio, gas flow rate, and slag thickness on mixing time and open eye area in gas-stirred ladle assisted by physical modeling | |
| Enrique Jardón Luis Gerardo Trápaga Martínez Carlos Gonzalez-Rivera Marco Ramirez | |
| Acceso Abierto | |
| Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual | |
| https://doi.org/10.3390/met9050555 2075-4701 https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/9/5/555 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/metals/special_issues/Metallurgical_Processing | |
| Gas-stirred ladle Physical modeling Optimization Particle image velocimetry Steelmaking | |
| In this work, the effects of equal (50%/50%) or differentiated (75%/25%) gas flow ratio, gas flow rate, and slag thickness on mixing time and open eye area were studied in a physical model of a gas stirred ladle with dual plugs separated by an angle of 180°. The effect of the variables under study was determined using a two-level factorial design. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to establish, through the analysis of the flow patterns and turbulence kinetic energy contours, the effect of the studied variables on the hydrodynamics of the system. Results revealed that differentiated injection ratio significantly changes the flow structure and greatly influences the behavior of the system regarding mixing time and open eye area. The Pareto front of the optimized results on both mixing time and open eye area was obtained through a multi-objective optimization using a genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The results are conclusive in that the ladle must be operated using differentiated flow ratio for optimal performance. Daniel R. González Morales (UNAM. Fac. Química), coautor. This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Simulation Technologies of Metallurgical Processing). Author contributions: Conceptualization, M.A.R.-A. and G.T.; methodology, L.E.J.-P.; software, D.R.G.-M. and L.E.J.-P.; formal analysis, C.G.-R.; writing—original draft preparation, L.E.J.-P. and C.G.-R.; writing—review and editing, M.A.R.-A. and G.T.; funding, M.A.R.-A. Funding: This research was funded by DGAPA UNAM, grant number PAPIIT IN115619. Luis Enrique Jardón-Pérez, CVU 624968, as a student registered in the Doctoral Program in Chemical Engineering at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), thanks CONACyT for financial support through a Ph.D. scholarship. Additionally, authors thank A. Amaro-Villeda for technical assistance through the development of this research work. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. | |
| MDPI | |
| 2019 | |
| Artículo | |
| Metals, v. 9, no. 5, article number 555 | |
| Inglés | |
| Público en general | |
| METALES | |
| Versión publicada | |
| publishedVersion - Versión publicada | |
| Aparece en las colecciones: | Artículos Publicados en Revistas Indexadas |
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| Effect of differentiated injection ratio.pdf | 3.49 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizar/Abrir |